In this article, we will discuss What is Ecological Succession? Explain the Types of Succession with suitable diagrams.
Ecological Succession.
Ecological Succession is the process by which an ecosystem undergoes changes in its composition and structure over time, as a result of natural disturbances or human activities. It involves a series of predictable and orderly changes in the types of plant and animal species that inhabit a particular area.
Types of Ecological Succession:
Succession can be categorized into two types: Primary Succession and Secondary Succession.
Primary Succession:
Primary Succession occurs in areas where no living organisms exist, such as on a bare rock or newly formed volcanic islands. It begins with the colonization of pioneer species, such as lichens and mosses, which are able to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. These pioneer species slowly transform the physical environment, creating soil through the process of weathering and decomposition. As soil formation continues, larger and more complex plant species, such as grasses and shrubs, begin to establish themselves in the area. Over time, these species give way to more advanced plant communities, such as forests, which eventually become the dominant vegetation in the ecosystem.
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The following diagram represents the process of primary succession:
Primary Succession Diagram
Secondary Succession:
Secondary Succession occurs in areas where an ecosystem has been disturbed or destroyed, but where soil and some plant life still remain. It begins with the colonization of fast-growing and adaptable plant species, such as weeds and grasses, which are able to take advantage of the open space and available resources. Over time, these species create a more complex and diverse plant community, which supports the establishment of larger and more permanent plant species, such as trees. Secondary succession can occur in a wide range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands.
The following diagram represents the process of secondary succession:
Secondary Succession Diagram
In conclusion, ecological succession is a natural process that allows ecosystems to adapt and recover from disturbances over time. By understanding the different types of succession, we can better appreciate the dynamic nature of our planet’s ecosystems, and the vital role that they play in supporting life on Earth.
FAQ:
- What is ecological succession and explain primary succession?
- What are the two types of succession and what is the difference between them?
- How many types do an ecological succession has?
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