Welcome to our in-depth exploration of “Methods of Psychology with Advantages and Limitations,” a vital topic from the book of Psychology Class 11 Unit 2 of the West Bengal Board (WBCHSE). In this studymat, you’ll discover Psychology Class 11 Chapter 2 MCQs with Answers to enhance your exam preparation. Previously we discussed detailed Notes from Psychology Class 11 Chapter 2 to solidify your understanding. This comprehensive guide is tailored to help you excel in your Class 11 Psychology Semester 1 Exam and is also a valuable resource for competitive exams for psychology students.
Methods of Psychology with Advantages and Limitations | MCQs with Answers
1. Which of the following methods is best suited to study the cause and effect relationship between variables?
A) Observation
B) Experimentation
C) Survey Research
D) Case Study
Ans: B) Experimentation
2. If a psychologist wants to study how spectators behave at a football match, which method should they use?
A) Experimentation
B) Correlational Research
C) Observation
D) Interview
Ans: C) Observation
3. What method would a psychologist use to understand the relationship between intelligence and self-esteem?
A) Survey Research
B) Experimentation
C) Correlational Research
D) Case Study
Ans: C) Correlational Research
4. Which method involves using questionnaires to gather data on students’ opinions about privatization of education?
A) Observation
B) Experimentation
C) Survey Research
D) Interview
Ans: C) Survey Research
5. If a researcher is interested in understanding how a child learns language, which method would be most appropriate?
A) Case Study
B) Correlational Research
C) Observation
D) Experimentation
Ans: A) Case Study
6. What method would be suitable to explore individual differences among people?
A) Experimentation
B) Case Study
C) Psychological Tests
D) Observation
Ans: C) Psychological Tests
7. Which of the following is an example of using the observation method in psychology?
A) Studying the effect of light on study habits
B) Watching how children play during recess
C) Correlating study time with exam scores
D) Conducting a survey on food preferences
Ans: B) Watching how children play during recess
8. Which method is used when a researcher directly interacts with and collects detailed information from participants?
A) Observation
B) Interview
C) Correlational Research
D) Experimentation
Ans: B) Interview
9. A psychologist wants to gather detailed and in-depth information about a single individual. Which method would they most likely use?
A) Survey Research
B) Experimentation
C) Case Study
D) Correlational Research
Ans: C) Case Study
10. To study the relationship between two variables without manipulating them, which method should be used?
A) Experimentation
B) Correlational Research
C) Case Study
D) Observation
Ans: B) Correlational Research
11. What is a key difference between everyday observation and scientific observation?
A) Scientific observation is less detailed
B) Everyday observation is more structured
C) Scientific observation is focused and structured
D) Everyday observation is more focused and structured
Ans: C) Scientific observation is focused and structured
12. In scientific observation, what is the first step a psychologist takes?
A) Recording the behavior
B) Analyzing the data
C) Selecting specific behaviors to observe
D) Making conclusions
Ans: C) Selecting specific behaviors to observe
Methods of Psychology with Advantages and Limitations | MCQs with Answers
13. Which of the following is NOT a method used by psychologists to record observations?
A) Taking notes
B) Using tallies
C) Making assumptions
D) Video recording
Ans: C) Making assumptions
14. Why is analyzing data an important step in observation?
A) It helps to gather more data
B) It provides entertainment
C) It helps to derive meaning from the recorded behavior
D) It ensures the observation process is shorter
Ans: C) It helps to derive meaning from the recorded behavior
15. What is necessary for a good observer to know?
A) How to predict outcomes
B) What they want to observe and how to record it
C) The favorite color of the subject
D) The outcome of the observation
Ans: B) What they want to observe and how to record it
16. Which of the following is an example of a selection process in observation?
A) Analyzing data before observation
B) Choosing specific behaviors to observe in Class XI students
C) Taking random notes during observation
D) Using symbols to record behavior
Ans: B) Choosing specific behaviors to observe in Class XI students
17. What type of tools might a psychologist use to record observations?
A) Paintings and sketches
B) Personal opinions
C) Notes, tallies, photographs, and videos
D) Unstructured interviews
Ans: C) Notes, tallies, photographs, and videos
18. What skill is essential for making good observations in psychology?
A) Predicting the future
B) Having strong opinions
C) Knowing what to observe and how to record it
D) Avoiding recording any data
Ans: C) Knowing what to observe and how to record it
19. After recording observations, what is the next step a psychologist should take?
A) Selecting behaviors
B) Conducting an experiment
C) Analyzing the data
D) Publishing the findings immediately
Ans: C) Analyzing the data
20. What is the primary goal of analyzing data in observation?
A) To critique other researchers
B) To derive meaning and understand patterns in behavior
C) To prove personal beliefs
D) To finish the observation process quickly
Ans: B) To derive meaning and understand patterns in behavior
21. What is Naturalistic Observation?
A) Observation done in a laboratory
B) Observation done in a natural, real-life setting without interference
C) Observation where the observer participates in the activities
D) None of the above
Ans: B) Observation done in a natural, real-life setting without interference
22. In which type of observation does the observer become part of the group being studied?
A) Non-Participant Observation
B) Naturalistic Observation
C) Participant Observation
D) Controlled Observation
Ans: C) Participant Observation
23. Which of the following is a limitation of the observation method?
A) It allows the study of behavior in a natural setting
B) It is quick and easy to conduct
C) It may be influenced by the observer’s biases
D) It involves a lot of manipulation of the situation
Ans: C) It may be influenced by the observer’s biases
24. Controlled Observation is usually conducted:
A) In a real-life setting
B) Without any manipulation of variables
C) In a laboratory where factors can be controlled
D) By participating in the activities
Ans: C) In a laboratory where factors can be controlled
Methods of Psychology with Advantages and Limitations | MCQs with Answers
25. Which type of observation might involve the observer using a video camera to record events?
A) Participant Observation
B) Naturalistic Observation
C) Non-Participant Observation
D) Controlled Observation
Ans: C) Non-Participant Observation
26. What is the main purpose of an experiment in psychology?
A) To observe natural behavior
B) To establish a cause-and-effect relationship
C) To collect opinions
D) To describe individual differences
Ans: B) To establish a cause-and-effect relationship
27. What is an independent variable?
A) The variable that is observed for changes
B) The variable that is kept constant
C) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher
D) The variable that has no effect on the experiment
Ans: C) The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher
28. In an experiment, what is the dependent variable?
A) The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
B) The variable that changes as a result of the independent variable
C) The variable that is kept constant throughout the experiment
D) The variable that is not measured
Ans: B) The variable that changes as a result of the independent variable
29. Which of the following is an example of a variable?
A) A pen
B) The color of a pen
C) A room
D) A textbook
Ans: B) The color of a pen
30. Why is it important to control extraneous variables in an experiment?
A) To make the experiment easier to conduct
B) To ensure the independent variable is the only factor affecting the dependent variable
C) To make the experiment more complex
D) To observe the effects of all possible variables
Ans: B) To ensure the independent variable is the only factor affecting the dependent variable
31. If a researcher changes the amount of light in a room to study its effect on reading speed, what is the independent variable?
A) Reading speed
B) The room
C) The amount of light
D) The number of books read
Ans: C) The amount of light
32. In the same experiment (changing light to study reading speed), what is the dependent variable?
A) The number of books read
B) The size of the room
C) The amount of light
D) The reading speed
Ans: D) The reading speed
33. What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment?
A) To test the independent variable
B) To compare results with the experimental group
C) To ensure all variables are constant
D) To eliminate extraneous variables
Ans: B) To compare results with the experimental group
34. Which group in an experiment is exposed to the independent variable?
A) Control Group
B) Experimental Group
C) Both Control and Experimental Groups
D) Neither Control nor Experimental Groups
Ans: B) Experimental Group
35. In Latane and Darley’s study, what was the independent variable?
A) The presence of smoke
B) The number of people in the room
C) The speed of reporting the smoke
D) The size of the room
Ans: B) The number of people in the room
36. Why is random assignment of participants important in an experiment?
A) To keep the environment constant
B) To ensure each person has an equal chance of being in any group
C) To eliminate the need for a control group
D) To manipulate the independent variable
Ans: B) To ensure each person has an equal chance of being in any group
Methods of Psychology with Advantages and Limitations | MCQs with Answers
37. What is an extraneous variable?
A) A variable that the researcher manipulates
B) A variable that is kept constant throughout the experiment
C) A variable that could influence the results but is not the focus of the study
D) A variable that is irrelevant to the study
Ans: C) A variable that could influence the results but is not the focus of the study
38. Which technique is used to minimize the effects of sequence-related variables in an experiment?
A) Matching
B) Elimination
C) Counter-Balancing
D) Random Assignment
Ans: C) Counter-Balancing
39. What is one limitation of experiments conducted in highly controlled lab settings?
A) They are not scientifically valid
B) They may not apply well to real-world situations
C) They always produce incorrect results
D) They are easy to conduct
Ans: B) They may not apply well to real-world situations
40. Why might an experiment on the effects of malnutrition on intelligence be ethically problematic?
A) It is difficult to find participants
B) It is unethical to intentionally cause harm to participants
C) The results would be too variable
D) It would be hard to control all other variables
Ans: B) It is unethical to intentionally cause harm to participants
41. What is a key difference between a field experiment and a laboratory experiment?
A) Field experiments have more control over variables
B) Field experiments are conducted in real-life settings
C) Field experiments are always less expensive
D) Field experiments are conducted only in schools
Ans: B) Field experiments are conducted in real-life settings
42. Why might a researcher choose to conduct a field experiment instead of a lab experiment?
A) To save time and money
B) To study variables that cannot be controlled in a lab
C) To have better control over all variables
D) To avoid the complexity of laboratory equipment
Ans: B) To study variables that cannot be controlled in a lab
43. What is a quasi-experiment?
A) An experiment where the researcher manipulates all variables
B) An experiment done entirely in a laboratory setting
C) An experiment where the independent variable is naturally occurring
D) An experiment that involves animals instead of humans
Ans: C) An experiment where the independent variable is naturally occurring
44. In a quasi-experiment, how is the independent variable treated?
A) It is randomly assigned to participants
B) It is naturally occurring and not manipulated by the researcher
C) It is controlled and manipulated by the researcher
D) It is ignored during the experiment
Ans: B) It is naturally occurring and not manipulated by the researcher
45. Which of the following is an example of a field experiment?
A) Studying the effect of light on plant growth in a lab
B) Observing classroom behavior in a natural school environment
C) Creating a simulated earthquake situation in a lab
D) Testing memory skills using a computer program
Ans: B) Observing classroom behavior in a natural school environment
46. Which method would a researcher use if they want to study the effects of a real-life event like an earthquake?
A) Laboratory experiment
B) Field experiment
C) Quasi-experiment
D) Controlled observation
Ans: C) Quasi-experiment
47. What is the main purpose of correlational research?
A) To manipulate variables
B) To establish cause-and-effect relationships
C) To find relationships between variables
D) To observe behavior in a lab setting
Ans: C) To find relationships between variables
48. What does a positive correlation indicate?
A) As one variable increases, the other decreases
B) There is no relationship between the variables
C) As one variable increases, the other also increases
D) The variables are unrelated
Ans: C) As one variable increases, the other also increases
Methods of Psychology with Advantages and Limitations | MCQs with Answers
49. What is the range of the correlation coefficient?
A) -1.0 to +1.0
B) 0 to 10
C) -10 to +10
D) 0 to 1.0
Ans: A) -1.0 to +1.0
50. Which of the following represents a strong positive correlation?
A) +0.85
B) -0.85
C) 0
D) +0.20
Ans: A) +0.85
51. What does a zero correlation mean?
A) A strong relationship between variables
B) No relationship between variables
C) A weak positive relationship
D) A strong negative relationship
Ans: B) No relationship between variables
52. What is a limitation of correlational research?
A) It helps in making predictions
B) It can establish cause-and-effect
C) It cannot control other influencing factors
D) It is unethical
Ans: C) It cannot control other influencing factors
53. What is the main purpose of survey research?
A) To conduct experiments in a lab
B) To observe people’s natural behavior
C) To gather information about opinions and attitudes
D) To study animal behavior
Ans: C) To gather information about opinions and attitudes
54. Which of the following is a method used in survey research?
A) Naturalistic observation
B) Personal interviews
C) Laboratory experiments
D) Case studies
Ans: B) Personal interviews
55. What is a limitation of survey research?
A) It is always accurate
B) It can capture deep feelings
C) Responses may be biased
D) It is only used in small groups
Ans: C) Responses may be biased
56. Which method involves asking questions over the phone in survey research?
A) Personal interviews
B) Questionnaires
C) Telephonic surveys
D) Controlled observations
Ans: C) Telephonic surveys
57. Why might the wording of questions in a survey influence the answers?
A) It makes the survey longer
B) It can make the survey less expensive
C) It can lead people to answer in a certain way
D) It has no effect on the answers
Ans: C) It can lead people to answer in a certain way
58. What type of information were surveys initially used to find out?
A) Experimental results
B) Baseline facts like literacy rates and income levels
C) Results of psychological tests
D) Observations of behavior
Ans: B) Baseline facts like literacy rates and income level
59. What is the main purpose of an interview?
A) To conduct experiments in a lab
B) To gather information by asking questions directly
C) To observe behavior in a natural setting
D) To test hypotheses through surveys
Ans: B) To gather information by asking questions directly
60. What is a structured interview?
A) An interview with no fixed questions
B) An interview with pre-written questions in a specific order
C) An interview that takes place over the phone
D) An interview conducted in a group setting
Ans: B) An interview with pre-written questions in a specific order
Methods of Psychology with Advantages and Limitations | MCQs with Answers
61. Which type of interview gives the interviewer flexibility to change questions and their order?
A) Structured interview
B) Group interview
C) Unstructured interview
D) Telephonic interview
Ans: C) Unstructured interview
62. What type of interview setup involves one interviewer questioning a group of people?
A) Individual to Individual
B) Individual to Group
C) Group to Individual
D) Group to Group
Ans: B) Individual to Group
63. Which of the following is an advantage of the interview method?
A) It is quick and easy to conduct
B) It can gather in-depth information
C) It doesn’t require skilled interviewers
D) It is the cheapest research method
Ans: B) It can gather in-depth information
64. Why might interviews be considered time-consuming?
A) They can only be done in groups
B) They require writing long questions
C) Getting information from one person may take an hour or more
D) They need to be repeated multiple times
Ans: C) Getting information from one person may take an hour or more
65. What is a disadvantage of interviews?
A) They are not flexible
B) They cannot be used with children
C) They require a lot of time and may not be cost-effective
D) They cannot be adapted to different situations
Ans: C) They require a lot of time and may not be cost-effective
66. What is the primary focus of a case study?
A) Studying large groups of people
B) Conducting experiments in a lab
C) In-depth study of a specific case
D) Measuring the relationship between two variables
Ans: C) In-depth study of a specific case
67. Which of the following is NOT a typical subject of a case study?
A) An individual with a unique trait
B) A large population survey
C) A specific event like a natural disaster
D) An institution with special characteristics
Ans: B) A large population survey
68. Which research method is often used in conducting a case study?
A) Surveys
B) Interviews, observations, and psychological tests
C) Randomized trials
D) Laboratory experiments
Ans: B) Interviews, observations, and psychological tests
69. What is a major advantage of using case studies?
A) They are quick and easy to conduct
B) They provide in-depth and detailed information
C) They can easily be generalized to large populations
D) They don’t require much planning
Ans: B) They provide in-depth and detailed information
70. Why is generalizing findings from a case study difficult?
A) The sample size is usually too large
B) Case studies focus on specific, unique cases
C) They do not provide enough information
D) They are too expensive to conduct
Ans: B) Case studies focus on specific, unique cases
71. Which famous psychologist developed theories based on case studies?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Albert Einstein
C) Isaac Newton
D) Marie Curie
Ans: A) Sigmund Freud
72. What is recommended to ensure the validity of a case study?
A) Using a single source of data
B) Collecting information using multiple methods and sources
C) Avoiding interviews and observations
D) Conducting the study in a laboratory setting
Ans: B) Collecting information using multiple methods and sources
73. Which of the following is a limitation of case studies?
A) They are too general and lack detail
B) They may not be valid for other cases
C) They cannot be conducted on rare subjects
D) They only provide quantitative data
Ans: B) They may not be valid for other cases
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