Welcome to our comprehensive guide on “Evolution of Psychology,” a key topic from the book of Psychology Class 11 Unit 1 of the West Bengal Board (WBCHSE). In this studymat, you’ll find detailed Notes from Psychology Class 11 Chapter 1. This is designed to clarify your understanding and help you excel in your Class 11 Psychology Semester 1 Exam. Additionally, this study material is a valuable resource for competitive exams for psychology students. Stay tuned as we dive into Psychology Class 11 Chapter 1 MCQs with Answers to enhance your grasp of this essential subject further.
Evolution of Psychology | Notes
Modern Psychology is influenced by Western developments and has a short history. It started in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental lab in Germany, focusing on conscious experience and analyzing the mind’s structure through introspection. However, introspection was not considered scientific because it couldn’t be verified by others.
William James, an American psychologist, introduced functionalism, focusing on what the mind does and how behavior helps people adapt to their environment. John Dewey used functionalism to argue that people adapt to their surroundings to function effectively.
Gestalt Psychology emerged in Germany, focusing on the organization of perceptual experiences, arguing that the whole experience is more than the sum of its parts.
John Watson developed behaviorism around 1910, rejecting introspection and defining psychology as the study of observable behavior. Influenced by Pavlov, Watson believed scientific psychology should focus on measurable behavior. Skinner expanded behaviorism to various situations.
Sigmund Freud introduced Psychoanalysis, viewing behavior as driven by unconscious desires and conflicts. Humanistic Psychology, developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasized human free will and the potential for growth, opposing behaviorism’s mechanistic view of human nature. These perspectives have shaped modern psychology, leading to cognitive psychology, which focuses on mental processes like thinking and memory. Cognitive psychologists view the mind as an information-processing system, actively constructing knowledge through interaction with the world. Piaget’s constructivist theory sees children actively building their minds, while Vygotsky views mind development as a joint cultural process between adults and children.
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