In this article, we will Describe the Characteristics and Identification of Learning Disability.
What is Learning Disability?
Learning Disability (Reber and Reber) is “a syndrome found in children of normal or above intelligence characterised by specific difficulties in learning to read (dyslexia), to write (dysgraphia) and to do grade-appropriate mathematics (dyscalculia)”.
Discuss the Factors and Areas involved in the Growth and Development of a Child.
Characteristics of Learning Disability (LD) children show the following:
- Learning Disability is a mixed group of disorders.
- LD may transcend the school setting and persist in adulthood.
- LD children are normal in intellectual functioning. They mainly lie in their way of learning and their perceptual systems.
- LD children have behavioural problems, these are not the initial components of their behaviour. They may feel frustrated due to the gap in learning but they might show emotional problems.
- Boys are more likely to be characterised as LD than girls.
Explain the Characteristics of Early Childhood. Discuss Linguistic Development in Early Childhood.
- LD may range from mild to severe. Some student may be passive or inactive, and other may show a higher level of physical activity than other students.
- Students may show the problem in one area, not in the other.
- Delay in developmental milestones.
Identification of Learning Disability children:
Behaviour and Affective Characteristics: Hypoactivity or hyperactivity, act impulsively, may overreact with intense and surprising emotions which affect their social adjustment.
Disorders of Attention: LD children show problems in sustaining attention (the ability to focus on information), are easily distracted, have a short attention span.
Elucidate the Role of Peer Group in Social Development during Childhood.
Perceptual Motor Impairment: Students with learning disabilities often experience poor auditory and/or visual discrimination. They may show problems in directional orientation. Also, they tend to be awkward, clumsy and uncoordinated. They usually have poor handwriting.
Disorders of Memory and Thinking: Problems in short or long term memory (acquiring and recalling information) and in metacognition. Metacognition is the ability to monitor and evaluate one’s actions. Organising, arranging, categorising and planning will not be adequate.
Specific Academic Problems (linguistic and calculation skills): LD children are often several years behind their peers in reading, comprehension, fluency and spelling, experience word, number, letter and sound reversals. Dyslexia is characterised by severe reading problems. LD students may have problems identifying words and understanding what they read. Written and oral language difficulties compound reading problems. Written language problems include poor handwriting, sentence structure, spelling, and composition skills. These students may have problems recalling math facts, writing numbers legibly, learning arithmetic concepts and abstract math reasoning.
Discuss the Challenges of Late Adulthood.
Disorders of Speech and Learning Speech Sounds: It may repeat sounds, have halting speech and stumble over words; difficulties in understanding pragmatic aspects of language and also show word-finding difficulties.
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